Words and Explanations 2
- μέγαν λίθον αἴρει
- he picks up what or whom? him, not he, so - ν form: λίθον (a stone)
μέγαν λίθον βλέπει he sees a big stone and then
τὸν μέγαν λίθον φέρει carries that aforementioned stone
Who else αἴρει whom or what?
Mother αἴρει the baby that's fallen down
student οὐκ αἴρει the scarf she's dropped but steps straight over it
handsome ski instructor αἴρει one fallen beginning skier after the other
and of course ὁ Δικαιόπολις μέγαν λίθον αἴρει and then
- φέρει αυτὸν πρὸς τὸ ἕρμα
- towards the pile. See τὸ ἕρμα in the picture.
τὸ ἕρμα is neuter, i.e. neither masculine nor feminine
And so is τὸ δένδρον the tree, also in the picture.
In Greek some words are he (him), some are she (her), and some are plain it . Don't ask why, just accept that fact as fact. In English however only males (people and animals) are he (him), females (people and animals) are she (her) and things are it, except for... cars, boats, countries occasionally!
- ἰσχυρός ἐστιν ὁ ἄνθρωπος
- strong, already seen in 1a, not only ἰσχυρός but also ἄοκνος energetic, remember.
Imagine him lifting up huge sacks of grain and things, repeatedly!
- πολὺν χρόνον πονεῖ
- he works for a long time (a chronometer measures time, chronological order, a chronic disease reappears from time to time)
How long (do you study Greek each day....)?
 πολὺν χρόνον;
οὐ πολὺν χρόνον;
ἱκανὸν χρόνον; enough?
They say that ὁ χρόνος heals all wounds.
And that ὁ χρόνος flies. How true!
- μάλα κάμνει
- he is (or gets) very tired. The Greeks say: he tires a lot. We can say: "I tire easily these days" instead of "I am (or get) tired ". The Greeks only use the one form: "I tire, do you tire?, he tires, we all tire..."
Think of people, one at a time, getting tired: (Little Johnny....) κάμνει
and imagine some being very tired: (Maureen.....) μάλα κάμνει
Why does he or she κάμνει so?
- φλέγει γὰρ ὁ ἥλιος
- the sun blazes, burns (quite poetic, isn't it?)
ὁ ἥλιος βίον παρέχει (of course, no sun, no life)
ὁ ἥλιος φλέγει and fire also φλέγει (see it blazing away)
ὁ ἥλιος βίον παρέχει but nobody, nothing could live (where?)
ἐν τῷ ἡλίῳ
Come out of the sun before you get sunstroke. (out of where? [born] out-of genitive form)
ἐκ τοῦ ἡλίου
- ὁ ἥλιος φλέγει καὶ κατατρίβει αὐτόν wears him out
-
κατά means "down",
τρίβει he,she, it rubs. Constant rubbing wears things and people down.
ὁ ἀτέλεστος πόνος κατατρίβει τὸν αὐτουργόν
or, in the 2nd edition:
ὁ ἀπέραντος πόνος κατατρίβει τὸν αὐτουργόν
the baby's loud wailing κατατρίβει the neighbours
and my friend's nagging κατατρίβει my patience
What κατατρίβει you personally?
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