Words and Explanations 1

ἐκβαίνει ἐκ τοῦ οἴκου

comes out of his house. See him coming out of his house
Imagine yourself coming out of your home proudly proclaiming in Greek, to everybody's amazement and admiration:
ἐκβαίνω ἐκ τοῦ οἴκου
And your friends, the not so impressed ones, say:
ἐκβαίνεις ἐκ τοῦ οἴκου, so what?
Time for yet another verb-form: the 2nd person "you, the person I'm talking to". Click here for enlightement.
 

καλεῖ τὸν Ξανθίαν, τὸν δοῦλον

he calls Xanthias, his slave
calls whom? - him => so -ν form (accusative):
καλεῖ αὐτόν, τὸν δοῦλον

I see	τὸν ἀγρόν
	τὸν Παῦλον
	τὸν δεσπότην
	τὸν Δικαιόπολιν
	τὸν δοῦλον
	τὸν Ξανθίαν

καλεῖ is easy to remember, like "call" with only one l, and endings to tell who does the calling.
καλῶ τὸν Πέτρον because I want him to do something for me
ὁ δὲ Πέτρος καλεῖ τὸν Παῦλον but since Peter doesn't want to do it, he calls Paul
 

ἰσχυρὸς μὲν ἄνθρωπος, ῥᾴθυμος δέ or, 2nd edition: ἰσχυρὸς μὲν ἄνθρωπος, ἀργὸς δέ

a strong man, but lazy.
μὲν... δέ always express contrast between two or more facts or actions and are always placed second:
We say: 1. a strong but lazy man or:
We say: 2. a strong man, though lazy
The Greeks can only say the equivalent of our # 2: a strong μὲν man, lazy δέ.
We say: Mary does the housework while Peter watches football on TV.
The Greeks say: The μὲν Mary does the housework, the δὲ Peter watches football on TV

# 1 does one thing, and or but or while or whereas # 2 does something else.
When you see ... μὲν you already know that, more often than not, something else will be mentioned later on in connection with this ... μὲν business.
 

οὐ γὰρ πονεῖ εἰ μὴ πάρεστιν ὁ Δικαιόπολις

for (explains why he's called lazy) he doesn't work unless Dikaiopolis is there to keep an eye on him.
he is not there is οὐ πάρεστιν
but after εἰ "if" that doesn't sound very nice, so we have a better sounding substitute: μή

εἰ μὴ πάρεστιν he won't be paid (unless he's present)
εἰ μὴ ῥᾴθυμός (or ἀργός) ἐστιν he gets a cookie (generous mother, always giving cookies, except when Johnny is lazy.)
εἰ μὴ ἰσχυρός ἐστιν he gets a tonic (Timmy is a weakling who needs nasty-tasting tonic practically every day, unless...
εἰ μὴ ἐλευθερὸς εἰμι to do what I want I get very bad-tempered (means: I'm usually good-tempered, unless....)
εἰ μὴ ἱκανός ἐστιν ὁ σῖτος people go hungry
εἰ μὴ πάρειμι my dog doesn't behave well. Which means that he does behave and doesn't chew the carpet εἰ μὴ ἄπειμι (unless I'm away of course).

This πάρειμι is also "Present!" (in roll-call, school, army, for drill-parade...)
Sing it using different tones and pitches: loud, high-pitched, coy, arrogant....
And the opposite is ἄπειμι: I'm not there, I'm away.
from: ἀπό away and
from: εἰμί I am,
joined together to form one word: ἄπειμι
 

νῦν δὲ καθεύδει ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ

but now or and now or as for now or whereas now he's asleep in the house
καθεύδει he sleeps... See him sleeping! maybe even snoring
καθεύδω very well usually, thanks, what about you?
do you καθεύδεις well, badly, 8 hours, 15 hours a day?
καθεύδεις in front of television?, during lectures?, on the bus?, on the plane? Use the form like you meant it.
 

ἐλθὲ δεῦρο, ὦ Ξανθία

Come here, Xanthias
Later on we'll have:
διὰ τί εἶ οὕτω χαλεπός, ὦ δέσποτα
Why are you so harsh, master?
That ὦ....form is called vocative from Latin vocare, to call, invoke sb
We just say:
Xanthias, do this.
Be nice, master.
Come here, child
The Greeks say:
ὦ Xanthias
ὦ master
ὦ child
Practicing the expression: ἐλθὲ δεῦρο should present no problems
 

διὰ τί καθεύδεις;

Why are you sleeping?
Practice using διὰ τί instead of English "why" in English questions that make sense but are too difficult to formulate in Greek just yet. Like:
διὰ τί is dinner not reay yet?
διὰ τί have I got to practice asking these dumb question?
Answer: Because practice..... = Practice γὰρ leads to automatic responses
διὰ τί are you grinning all over your face? etc etc etc
 

μὴ οὕτω ῥᾴθυμος (οὕτως ἀργός) ἴσθι ἀλλὰ σπεῦδε

don't be so lazy but hurry
Ouch! μή again instead of οὐ
διὰ τί; Because it's a negative order, not fact, and you want to show right from the start that what comes is what you want someone NOT to do.
Its the equivalent of "don't":
Don't whine! μὴ whine!
Don't fret! μὴ fret!
μὴ οὕτω χαλεπὸς ἴσθι
Practice ἴσθι and μὴ ἴσθι again with the help of English sentences, just so as to get the command or warning forms to sound like what they really are: imperatives! From Latin imperare to order, command!