Words and Explanations 2

ὁ οὖν Ξανθίας βραδέως ἐκβαίνει

Xanthias therefore slowly comes out. He is very ῥᾴθυμος (ἀργός) remember,
so work is χαλεπός and he most certainly οὐ σπεύδει when
ὁ Δικαιόπολις καλεῖ but
βαδίζει remember lesson 1b, walks, very βραδέως indeed.
Think of all the things that you do βραδέως ,
see all sorts of people/dogs/clocks/boats... you might qualify as doing things βραδέως
It does not mean he is slow, a slow person, but he does it slowly (that's called an adverb because it stands by (ad) a verb so as to modify an action. At least that's the general idea, it can also modify other adverbs:
He does it excruciatingly badly.
or adjectives:
He's a terribly clever craftsman.
Where we use -ly the Greeks usually use -ως
 

διὰ τί εἶ οὕτω χαλεπός, ὦ δέσποτα;

why are you so hard harsh/hard, master?
Note: εἶ: you are a man, free, strong, energetic etc (circumflex accent!)
Note: εἰ μὴ πάρεστιν ὁ Δικαιόπολις (no accent)
Make sure you know your verb TO BE. Click here for those absolutely indispensable forms
 

οὕτω χαλεπός so harsh
so beautiful, so strong, so lazy...

διὰ τί εἶ οὕτω καλός, οὕτως ἰσχυρός, οὕτω ῥᾴθυμος (οὕτως ἀργός);
My friend is οὕτως ἄοκνος energetic in the mornings that I could scream, I'd like to have breakfast in peace, without people rushing around, tidying up, clanging plates...
διὰ τί εἶ οὕτως impatient?
οὕτω for reasons of fluency of speech becomes οὕτως if the next word begins with a vowel sound!
 

ἤδη σπεύδω

I'm already hurrying (like so many people who keep saying: coming, coming! all the while taking their own sweet time)
Women αἰεὶ tell you that they are ἤδη ready when they quite obvioulsy are not and are going to be late again (poor women, it's always women)
And children αἰεὶ tell you that they have ἤδη done their homework, that they ἤδη know it all, their French verbs, their history assignment is ἤδη completed and the maths problems are ἤδη solved to everybody's satisfaction. So:
διὰ τί εἶ οὑτω χαλεπός, ὦ daddy? (or ὦ mummy?)
 

(1st edition)
ἐλθὲ δεῦρο καὶ βοήθει, come here and help

βοηθεῖ , he helps, that is a fact
οὐ βοηθεῖ , he doesn't help, fact again
Do they help? your son, husband, male friend, male teacher, female officer of the peace.....
βοήθει, help!, used to tell people you want, need help
μὴ βοήθει don't help! (meaning: I really don't want nor need your help, so stop it!)
Fact (indicative) versus wish, command, order, warning (imperative)

(2nd edition)
ἐλθὲ δεῦρο καὶ συλλάμβανε, come here and help

συλλαμβάνει, he helps, that is a fact
οὐ συλλαμβάνει, he doesn't help, fact again
Do they help? your son, husband, male friend, male teacher, female officer of the peace.....
συλλάμβανε: help!, used to tell people you want, need help
μὴ συλλάμβανε: don't help! (meaning: I really don't want nor need your help, so stop interfering!)
Fact (indicative) versus wish, command, order, warning (imperative)
 

λάμβανε γὰρ τὸ ἄροτρον

Contrast λαμβάνει he does it, he takes
and λάμβανε tell him to do it. Do take! in concrete situations
When I go to answer the phone my dog λαμβάνει a piece of cheese off my plate despite the fact that I tell him: μὴ λάμβανε my food, eat your own, don't keep taking mine.
καὶ τὰ λοιπά (and the rest, etcetera)
 
 

μικρὸς μὲν γάρ ἐστιν ὁ ἀγρός , μακρός δὲ ὁ πόνος

opposition again, small μὲν.... long δὲ....
μὲν always comes second, never third, other postpositive words like
γάρ, οὖν follow on after μέν
You'll soon get the hang of it with a little meaningful reading, preferably aloud.
We say: work is long, unending, wears us down meaning the work we're talking about, to be done, under discussion. In Greek we don't only imply "the", we actually say it:
The work is long ὁ πόνος ἐστί μακρός
Likewise the Greeks would say, actually do say, in Greek of course::
The life is not unending ὁ βίος οὐκ ἔστιν ἀτέλεστος
The patience is a virtue.
just like: the Paul, the Mary, the Dikaiopolis
Remember that what sounds good in Greek doesn't have to sound good in English. For one good reason: it IS Greek and has to sound like GREEK, not like English.