Words and Explanations 1
1. Compound verbs
| ἄγω |
πρὸς τὸν ἀγρόν |
=> |
προσάγω |
|
εἰς τὸν ἀγρόν |
=> |
εἰσάγω |
|
ἐκ τοῦ ἀγροῦ |
=> |
ἐξάγω ἐκ becomes ἐξ
between 2 vowels |
| βαίνω |
εὶς τὸν οἶκον |
=> |
εἰσβαίνω |
|
ἐκ τοῦ οἴκου |
=> |
ἐκβαίνω |
|
πρὸς τὸν οἶκον |
=> |
προσβαίνω |
| βλέπω |
τὸν βοῦν |
|
I just see the ox |
|
πρὸς τὸν βοῦν |
=> |
προσβλέπω |
| φέρω |
εἰς τὸν οἶκον |
=> |
εἰσφέρω |
|
ἐκ τοῦ οἴκου |
=> |
ἐκφέρω |
|
πρὸς τὸν δοῦλον |
=> |
προσφέρω |
| ἐλαύνω |
εἰς τὸν κλῆρον |
=> |
εἰσελαύνω |
|
ἐκ τοῦ κλήρου |
=> |
ἐξελαύνω |
|
πρὸς τὸν κλῆρον |
=> |
προσελαύνω |
| καλῶ |
εἰς τὸν κλῆρον |
=> |
εἰσκαλῶ |
|
ἐκ τοῦ οἴκου |
=> |
ἐκκαλῶ |
Use them, thinking of people and things going in, coming out,
driving, looking, carrying, leading, calling:
Mother calling in child for supper, newly-wed husband carrying
in bride, girl shyly looking towards boy, irate gardener driving
out goats eating his prize roses καὶ τὰ λοιπά. Use your imagination!
2. Miscellaneous
- ὄπισθεν behind.
- Xanthias is always lagging ὄπισθεν .
Who's that ὄπισθεν you, looking over your shoulder?
- ἔπειτα δέ
- First I read the new text, ἔπειτα δὲ I listen to the recording of it.
First I listen, ἔπειτα δὲ I give my opinion.
- δι' ὀλίγου is
short for διὰ ὀλίγου,
the apostrophe replaces the α.
Like in English in "isn't", the apostrophe replaces the o of not, to make
it shorter, easier and quicker to say
ἤδη already. Has
he ἤδη come home?
- No, not yet, δι' ὀλίγου
Have you ἤδη had
dinner? No, but I shall do so δι' ὀλίγου
.
- βραδέως slowly.
- A ῥᾴθυμος person
works βραδέως .
You certainly know someone who does everything, or at least certain things βραδέως, very βραδέως, too βραδέως maybe?
- ὁ δεσπότης and
ὦ δέσποτα o master!
- It means just that, a master, not a despot (=an absolute ruler, a
tyrant). We've got despotic, despotism, referring to masters that
got out of hand, abuse their power and oppress
the Greek δεσπότης was no despot, just an ordinary, straightforward "master".
- ὁ βοῦς πονεῖ the
ox does the work.
τὸν βοῦν ἐλαύνει now
the ox is driven, the farmer does the driving
οἱ βόες πονοῦσιν the
oxen do the work
τοὺς βοῦς ἐλαύνει now
they are driven (accusative), the farmer does the driving
These forms look more difficult than they are. Remember: forms give meaning. Forms came first, grammatical theory came later: to help us make the right choice in a given situation, not to have us learn all the forms in a vacuum, whether we need them or not. If we learn a new form we must use it, if we don't use it, it's useless and we've wasted our time.
|