Words in Text

ἐν δὲ τούτῳ προσχωρεῖ ὁ Φίλιππος

Meanwhile, Philip approaches
Don't get stuck on the translation "meanwhile". That is only an aproximation. A litteral translation would be "and in this" meaning something like:
"while this is going on" (here, work in the field)
"while these things are happening"
More detailed examples
 

ὁ τοῦ Δικαιοπόλιδος υἱός

the son of Dikaiopolis (for the strange form Dikaiopolis takes, see genitive)
Remember to listen to the extra "the" that the Greeks use:
   we say: Paul's brother
   the Greeks say: the the Paul's brother.
We use "the" only in the form: the son of X
     not in the construction: X's son
The Greeks saw no reason for dropping ὁ since we are talking about a very definite, specific son, the son of... In Greek that sounds just fine, our way of saying it sounds silly. So don't forget the extra the
ὁ τοῦ Παύλου πατήρ
ὁ τοῦ Φιλίππου ἵππος 
Philip's horse (Philipp the horse-lover, remember? φιλεῖ τὸν ἵππον)
ὁ τοῦ Δικαιοπόλιδος δοῦλος
ὁ τοῦ δούλου πόνος 
τὸ τοῦ ἀγροῦ δένδρον 
ὁ τῶν Ἀθηναίων βίος  of the Athenians (not of "Athens", that would be τῶν Ἀθηνῶν)
ἡ τοῦ Ἀλεξάνδρου παῖς Alexander's daughter
Yes, ἡ is the feminine equivalent of masculine ὁ so:
ὁ παῖς is a little boy whereas
ἡ παῖς is a little girl
 

παῖς μέγας τε καὶ ἀνδρεῖος

a big boy, and brave too. We've seen in lesson 3a:
   τε καί both ... and ...
ἰσχυρός τε καὶ ἄοκνος both strong and energetic
ὄ τε δεσπότης καὶ ὁ δοῦλος both master and slave
ὁ δεσπότης τε καὶ ὁ δοῦλος
Note that τε is enclitic and is never stressed (nor pitched), so no written accent.
And notice the 2 possible ways of placing τε.
 

ἐλθὲ δεῦρο ὦ πάτερ Come here father
and later on μένε, ὦ παῖ stay, child

practice giving little orders to "my child": ὦ παῖ  (the ς is dropped)
Take your father a can of beer, ὦ παῖ 
Be quiet, ὦ παῖ 
Have a cookie, ὦ παῖ 
And now some requests for daddy: ὦ πάτερ. Watch out: stem η shortens to  ε 
and the stress moves from ultima to penult. Make the difference clear in speech:
Let me go out tonight,  ὦ πάτερ 
Give me some money, ὦ πάτερ 
μὴ οὕτω χαλεπὸς ἴσθι , ὦ πάτερ 
Yes, all right, ὦ πάτερ 
 

παῖς μέγας τε καὶ ἀνδρεῖος

μέγας we had in
μέγαν λίθον αἴρει καὶ φέρει ἐκ τοῦ ἀγροῦ.
Which of the following are μέγας: 
ὁ οἶκος, ὁ κλῆρος, ὁ ἀγρός, ὁ υἱός, ὁ παῖς,
ὁ πόνος, ὁ κῆπος, ὁ ἄνθρωπος, ὁ δοῦλος.
Not ὁ βίος, that one is
μακρός, ἀτέλεστος, χαλεπός
neither τὸ δένδρον, τὸ ἄροτρον, these words being neuter μέγα is asked for here, neuter adjective ending please, to agree with neuter noun.
ἐπεὶ δὲ λέγεις · μέγας δοῦλος and company, you must imagine them being big. That prevents you from uttering, parrot-fashion, mechanical meaningless phrases but it forces you to concentrate on the job at hand and apply Greek words to real life.
 

παῖς μέγας τε καὶ ἀνδρεῖος

André is a brave man, Andrea is a brave woman, so
   ἀνδρεῖος shouldn't be to difficult to remember.
But even so, do think of brave people and say what they are like:
ἀνδρεῖος for one man or ἀνδρεῖοι for several, like parachuters etc
 

φέρει δὲ τὸ δεῖπνον πρὸς τὸν πατέρα

And he says: κάθιζε καὶ δείπνει
and his father καθίζει καὶ δειπνεῖ
Remember:
The 1st sentence expresses recommendation, order, what he should do: so imperative. And the stress moves towards the front of the verb, to signify: COMMAND.
In COMMAND form the last syllable -ε is short, so the stress moves as far to the beginning of the word as it can: to the antepenultima (syllable before the last but one). δείπνει looks like an exception, but is in fact only a contraction of δείπνε-ε. For fluency of speech, in Attic Greek, practically all verbs with a stem ending in ε or α or ο, contract that stem-vowel with the ending.
The 2nd sentence expresses fact, what he does, so indicative (indicating that fact). And since the ending stating that "he, she or it does" (-ει) is long, the stress can only fall on the penult (last but one). But the penult ends in -ε, so contraction: δειπνεῖ short for δειπνέ-ει
Learn to listen to the difference in stress leading to difference in meaning.
τὸ δεῖπνον is ready, so I δειπνῶ 
and they all δειπνοῦσιν
which means we all δειπνοῦμεν
Father: When I say δείπνει, ὦ παῖ 
I expect you to δειπνεῖν. διὰ τί οὖν οὐ δειπνεῖς; (so why don't you eat?)