Plural Forms


Masculine
ὁ δοῦλος οἱ δοῦλοι
becomes οἱ
ος
becomes οι (short οι)
no change in stress

Neuter
τὸ ἄροτρον τὰ ἄροτρα
τὸ
becomes τὰ
ον
becomes α
no change in stress

The following is a sort of pattern drill, but you must mean what you say:
first think of one, than of several, lots of, still more

Nominative case forms
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ὁ ἀγρός    οἱ ἀγροί
μικροὶ ἀγροί
καλοὶ ἀγροί
ὁ ἄνθρωπος    οἱ ἄνθρωποι
πολλοὶ καλοὶ ἄνθρωποι stars in films for instance
ὁ αὐτουργός    οἱ αὐτουργοί
οἱ ἐλευθεροὶ αὐτουργοὶ χαίρουσιν
ὁ γεωργός    οἱ γεωργοί
ἄοκνοι γεωργοί get up very early
ὁ οἶκος    οἱ οἶκοι
καλοὶ οἶκοι are usually expensive, unless they are haunted of course
ὁ πόνος    οἱ πόνοι
χαλεποὶ πόνοι κατατρίβουσιν wear us out
ὁ βίος    οἱ βίοι of parrots
οἱ μακροὶ βίοι parrots are supposed to live long lives
οἱ ἑπτὰ βίοι the 7 lives of cats
τὸ δένδρον    τὰ δένδρα
τὰ καλὰ δένδρα give beautiful shade
τοσαῦτα δένδρα prevent us from seeing the woods

Genitive case forms
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 οἱ    τοῦ φίλου λόγοι     τῶν φίλων λόγοι
 the shade   τοῦ δένδρου  τῶν δένδρων
 ὄπισθεν   τοῦ ἀρότρου  τῶν ἀρότρων
 ὄπισθεν   τοῦ ἐλευθέρου  τῶν ἐλευθέρων  οἱ δοῦλοι
 ὄπισθεν   τοῦ οἴκου  τῶν οἴκων  ἀγροί
 ὄπισθεν   τοῦ ἀόκνου  τῶν ἀόκνων  ῥᾴθυμοι or ἀργοί.
 ὄπισθεν   τοῦ σοφοῦ  τῶν σοφῷν οἱ ἀνόητοι  fools

As you must have found out by now, the preposition ὄπισθεν "behind" takes the genitive form. Despite the fact that it indicates position as well as movement. We've got to be flexible in learning languages, so make the forms sound right!
Accent-wise, because genitive and dative forms end in a long syllable, if that last syllable is stressed/pitched it carries a circumflex, to show that it IS long. If the last syllable is unemphasized, acute accent on the penult.


Dative case forms
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When thinking of position: where things are, where we do things, we use prepositions followed by the dative form of articles, nouns, adjectives. It's quite easy to imagine being in the following places:

    ἐν τῷ ἀγρῷ   ἐν τοῖς ἀγροῖς
  ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ   ἐν τοῖς οἴκοις
  ὑπὸ τῷ δένδρῳ     ὑπὸ τοῖς δένδροις
λίθοι    ὑπὸ τῶ ἀρότρῳ   ὑπὸ τοῖς ἀρότροις  
    ὑπὸ τῷ λίθῳ   ὑπὸ τοῖς λίθοις     scorpions  
    ἐν τῷ κλήρῳ   ἐν τοῖς κλήροις
 

Circumflex on ultima (if acute in nominative), otherwise acute on penult.
 
 
Accusative case forms
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What or whom do we see:
βλέπομεν
  τὸν δολον     τοὺς δολους  
  τὸν νθρωπον   τοὺς ἀνθρπους
  καλὸν ἵππον   καλοὺς ἵππους
  ἐλεθερον αὐτουργόν      ἐλευθρους αὐτουργούς
  ἰσχυρὸν φίλον   ἰσχυροὺς φίλους
  χαλεπὸν ἄροτρον   χαλεπὰ ἄροτρα

Accusative and nominative forms of neuter nouns are identical. No change of form, no change of accent mark.

Accusative singular words end in ν but the accent stays the same as in the base form.
The plural form ους counts as long but is not pronounced very long, so no circumflex on ultima, just an acute (or grave of course) if the base form is stressed on ultima. Otherwise an acute accent on penult.


Vocative case forms
No need to go over those again. Masculine singular ος changes to ε :
ὦ ἀνόητε
ὦ ἰσχυρὲ φίλε
ὦ ῥᾴθυμε
or ἀργὲ ἄνθρωπε mend your ways!

Plural and neuter words forms are identical to the nominative:
ὦ χρόνοι times, how you fly