Paragraph 1a
- ἐπεὶ δὲ τῷ αὐλίῳ προσχωροῦσιν....
- πρὸς τὸ αὔλιον βαδίζουσιν
They walk towards the sheepfold
(accusative after preposition indicating movement towards)
προσχωροῦσιν τῷ αὐλίῳ
they approach the sheepfold
(dative after verb indicating closeness) - Note
- Verbs expressing approach are followed by dative case forms (unless accompanied by a preposition of course).
Compare:
I walk towards the house (= movement in the direction of)
βαδίζω (or: χωρῶ) πρὸς τὴν οἰκίαν
I approach the house (= I am already near the house)
προσχωρῶ τῇ οἰκίᾳ
As for χωρῶ [χωρέω] it is just a synonym of βαδίζω, used mainly in compounds.
- πολὺν ψόφον ἀκούουσιν
- τίνα ψόφον; What noise?
ὁ κύων ὑλακτεῖ, ἀγρίως ὑλακτεῖ
τὰ πρόβατα θόρυβον ποιεῖ, πολὺν θόρυβον ποιεῖ (Why singular? To come back here, click the BACK button on your browser.)
(διὰ) τί ὑλακτεῖ ὁ Ἄργος; τί θόρυβον ποιεῖ τὰ πρόβατα (the sheep, or, 1st edition) τὰ μῆλα; (the flocks, Latin pecora, i.e. sheep and goats)
οὔτε ὁ Φίλιππος, οὔτε ὁ πάππος know the reason why, therefore ...
- σπεύδουσιν οὖν· βούλονται γὰρ γιγνώσκειν τί πάσχει τὰ πρόβατα.
- τί βούλονται; What do they want? (τί ἐθέλουσιν; is stronger: What do they wish to find out, get to know?)
This is a new verb-form which will be the subject of Chapter 6. For the moment, just remember:
they want to do something βούλονται ποιεῖν τι
they wish or are willing to ἐθέλουσιν ποιεῖν
τί βούλονται γιγνώσκειν; (there is a definite resemblance between Greek γνώ and English "know" which should make learning gig-know-skw not too difficult.
τί βούλονται γιγνώσκειν; - βούλονται γιγνώσκειν διὰ τί ποιεῖ τοσοῦτον θόρυβον, τοσοῦτον ψόφον τὰ πρόβατα, τί ὑλακτεῖ οὕτως ἀγρίως ὁ κύων.
βούλονται γιγνώσκειν τί πάσχει τὰ μῆλα.
πάσχω - passion - suffering - experience
πάσχω I suffer
πάσχεις πολύ; Do you, suffer a lot?
πάσχεις πολλάκις; often? really? Are you a hypochondriac?
πάσχεις αἰεί; all the time?
But πάσχω also means "I experience, something happens to me", so:
τί πάσχεις; What's up? Are you sick or something?
τί πάσχει τὰ μῆλα, τὰ πρόβατα;
What's happening to the flocks, the sheep?
λύκος μέγας τε καὶ ἄγριος προσχωρεῖ αὐτοῖς.
τί ἐν νῷ ἔχει; ἐθέλει ἐμπίπτειν αὐτοῖς, ἐν νῷ γὰρ ἔχει to feast upon them.
To remember:
Neuter plural nouns take singular verb-forms because the Greeks did not consider them as individuals, but as members of a group. It is the group that is, does, suffers.....
τὰ θέατρα μεγάλα ἐστίν.There is a demonstration of farmers, they are blocking the traffic. How?
τὰ ἄροτρα ἐμποδίζει τὰς ὁδούς.If κύων ἄγριος means "fierce " dog, how will you say:
A fierce dog barks fiercely.And: A brave dog guards/protects the sheep bravely.
Remember adverbs.
Check your answers here.
βαδίζω ἀνὰ τὴν ὁδόν. κύνα ὁρῶ πρὸς τῇ ὁδῷ κείμενον (lying). βαδίζω πρὸς αὐτόν. Why αὐτόν?
ὁ δὲ κύων ἀγρίως ὑλακτεῖ. I'm afraid, οὐκ οὖν προσχωρῶ αὐτῷ. Why αὐτῷ.?
Words to Revise:
the English is given so that you know what you are supposed to consider with your mind's eye when reading the Greek:
I learn, get to know: γιγνώσκω
I suffer; I experience: πάσχω
I bark (I'm a dog): ὑλακτῶ, κύων γάρ εἰμι
they want: βούλονται
they don't want: οὐ βούλονται
they are willing: ἐθέλουσιν
they refuse: οὐκ ἐθέλουσιν
the noise: ὁ ψόφος
so much noise: τοσοῦτος ψόφος
din, uproar: ὁ θόρυβος
much uproar: πολὺς θόρυβος
voice, language: ἡ φωνή