Lesson 6a: Fourth paragraph

Translation paragraph 4

Words and expressions

ὁρᾶ τὸν Θησέα

= βλέπει αὐτόν
It might not be a bad idea to put together the various accusative forms we've come across so far. Click here.
 

ἐρᾷ αὐτοῦ,  ἐρᾶν + genitive (contract verb in -α, check conjugation if needs be.)

So: ἐρῶ σου I love you
So: ἔρα μου love me!
ὁ μὲν ἀνὴρ ἐρᾷ τῆς γυναικός,
ἡ δὲ γυνὴ ἄλλου ἐρᾷ   (another)
Genitive forms sound strange? Remember "to hear, to listen" lesson 4a?
ἀκούειν 
you listen to, you hear [the words] of someone (of someone = genitive)
ἀκούω σου I hear you (= your [words])
ἡ γυνὴ ἀκούει τοῦ ἀνδρός
but: ἀκούω τοὺς λόγους accusative, obviously, we don't hear the words of the words, but the words themselves. Likewise:
ἀκούομεν δεινὸν θόρυβον (a terrible noise)
"to love, like" is φιλεῖν or στέργειν (normal, so accusative: τὸν φίλον )
"to fall in love, be in love" ἐρᾶν  (erotic....) is like: love [the soul or body] of someone (genitive)
ἡ Ἀριάδνη ἐρᾷ τοῦ Θησέως
ἆρ' ὁ Θησεὺς ἐρᾷ τῆς Ἀριάδνης;
μὴ ἔρα αὐτοῦ  (that's what parents say when they think someone just isn't good enough for their golden boy or girl)
τίνος ἐρᾷς;  Whose [body/soul] do you personally love?
 

γίγνεται ἡ νύξ

it becomes night, night falls
ἡ νύξ, τῆς νυκτός is the opposite of  ἡ ἡμέρα, τῆς ἡμέρας
νύξ τε καὶ ἡμέρα (night and day)
μένει τὴν νύκτα he waits for night to fall
μένω τὴν ἡμέραν I wait for day to rise
οὐκέτι πονοῦμεν ἐπεὶ γίγνεται ἡ νύξ
γίγνομαι tired, rested, sick, well again, old....
But don't forget that "I become sick or tired" is usually expressed by κάμνω
but we οὐ γιγνόμεθα young again
a παῖς γίγνεται νεανίας (ὁ παῖς) or παρθένος (ἡ παῖς)
 

σίγα, ὦ Θησεῦ

be quiet, keep quiet, silent, shut up! (not in this case of course!)
ὁ πατὴρ λέγει· σίγα, ὦ παῖ (be quiet child when grownups talk, according to the motto: children should be seen, not heard)
and if ὁ παῖς ἐστιν ἀγαθὸς (a good little child) then he/she σιγᾷ
In school, teacher: σιγᾶτε καὶ ἀκούετέ μου (be quiet and listen to me, genitive remember!). And when the little darlings οὐ σιγῶσιν οὔτε ἀκούουσιν αυτοῦ  he'll ask:
τί οὐ σιγᾶτε; μὴ λέγετε πάντες ἅμα (all together),  ἀλλὰ ἀκούετέ μου. (listen to me).
ἀκούετε μοῦ (listen to me), οὐκ ἀκούετε μόνον ἀλλήλων. (listen to me for a change, don't just listen to each other)
διὰ τί σιγᾷς; σιγῶ because I haven't got anything to say (you bet?)
Does your memory need refreshing in as far as contract verbs are concerned? Click here
 

ἰδού · παρέχω γάρ σοι τοῦτο τὸ ξίφος καὶ τοῦτο τὸ λίνον

Ariadne gives Theseus a sword and a thread
τὸ ξίφος is neuter like τὸ ὄρος, τὸ ἔτος 
Fill in the declension table of THE SWORD
 

singular  nominative   τὸ̀   ξίφος    genitive   τοῦ   dative  τῷ      accusative   τὸ      vocative ( ὦ )

plural  nominative  τὰ   genitive  τῶν      dative  τοῖς      accusative    τὰ      vocative  (ὦ)

 

We don't use ξίφη (accusative plural) anymore, but we ὁρῶμεν ξίφη ἐν τοῖς μουσείοις.
Philip in lesson 5b didn't have a ξίφος so he used  τὴν τοὐ πάππου μάχαιραν  in order to  ἀποκτείνειν τὸν λύκον.
ὁ δὲ Θησεὺς ἔχει τὸ τῆς Ἀριάδνης ξίφος in order to ἀποκτείνειν τὸν Μινώταυρον

I'm afraid this ἀποκτείνειν is not quite the right form, because it means "to begin or try to kill, be in the process of killing, kill repeatedly, go on killing" all sorts of possibilities. For a simple act "kill and be done with it" - like here - we would use a form called aorist, ἀποκτεῖναι in this case. For the moment, just try to remember that there is such a thing as an aorist tense, used for simple, straightforward actions. Go back here for more examples. To come back here click the back arrow, top left-hand side.

τὸ λίνον (thread) linen is made of πολλοῖς λίνοις (with/of what? dative), that is
πολλὰ λίνα go into the making of one linen
διὰ τί  λίνον; To find his way back out of the labyrinth of course.
 

μὴ οὖν φοβοῦ

you're a big boy now, armed with sword and string, so don't be afraid
One thing is for sure, ὁ Θησεύς οὐ φοβεῖται. ἀνδρεῖος γάρ ἐστιν.
And since he is ἀνδρεῖος, ἀνδρείως εἰσβαίνει εἰς τὸν λαβύρινθον.
Remember: quickly, slowly etc. (adverbs):
ταχέως, βραδέως, σπανίως (rarely lesson 4b) and ἀληθῶς (truly,really) καὶ τὰ λοιπά

ἐν νῷ ἔχω

(lesson 4a: Murrine intends to go and get water from the spring)
ἡ Μυρρίνη ἐν νῷ ἔχει βαδίζειν πρὸς τὴν κρήνην.
ἡ Ἀριάδνη ἐν νῷ ἔχει ἀποπλεῖν (like ἀποφεύγειν) μετὰ τοῦ Θησέως
 

ταχέως ἀπέρχεται πρὸς τὴν πόλιν

when called, ὁ δοῦλος βραδέως ἔρχεται (comes slowly)
when released, ταχέως ἀπέρχεται (goes away fast)
καθ' ἡμέραν ἐρχόμεθα ἐπὶ τὸ ἔργον  (go/come to work)
ἐπεὶ δὲ γίγνεται ἡ νύξ, ἀπερχόμεθα ἀπὸ τοῦ ἔργου καὶ ἐρχόμεθα οἴκαδε
At what time (do you) ἔρχει ἐπὶ τὸ ἔργον;
At what time (do you) ἔρχει οἴκαδε;
he comes and goes: ἔρχεται καὶ ἀπέρχεται
ἐλθὲ δεῦρο  against  ἄπελθε or ἄπιθι (go away!)
Remember: μάλα θαυμάζει like μάλα κάμνει
in English we "are amazed, astonished", in Greek we "wonder" θαυμάζομεν
in English we "are tired", in Greek we "tire" κάμνομεν
in Eglish we "are afraid", in Greek we "fear" φοβούμεθα

ἆρ' πολλάκις θαυμάζεις;	(often?)
little children αἰεὶ θαυμάζουσιν	(always)
some people οὐκέτι θαυμάζουσιν	(no longer)

Conceited people θαυμάζονται (admire themselves)
and great men and women θαυμάζονται (are admired) [same-looking form, different voice (middle-passive) and meaning (reflexive-passive) according to context.)

δέχεται τὸ ξίφος

ἡ μὲν Ἀριάδνη παρέχει τὸ ξίφος τῷ Θησεῖ.
ὁ δὲ Θησεὺς δέχεται αὐτό  (accepts it)
λαμβάνει τὸ ξίφος  (takes it)
καὶ τύπτει αὐτῷ τὸ θηρίον  (strikes the beast with it)