Lesson 7a: Third paragraph

Translation paragraph 3

At one time they sail to some small island, disembark (= get out of their ships) and prepare a meal on the beach. But there is nearby another island: they see smoke and hear sound of sheep and goats. So the next day Odysseus tells his companions to embark [obviously only some of his companions, because they use only one of their ships]; for he wants to sail to the island and find out who live there. [he surmises there must be more than one inhabitant, hence the plural form: τίνες οἰκοῦσιν ].

Words and expressions

πλέουσί ποτε εἰς νῆσόν τινα μικράν 

at one time they sail onto a certain small island...
This is a good example for revising enclitics:
πότε;  When? question words are always stressed
ποτε or ποτέ  indefinite: at one time, sometime, some day
πότε πλεῖς;  ποτέ don't know yet, some time
At some time or other (we practice using the enclitic ποτέ indefinite adverb)
 

I	πλέω ποτέ	is the same as	ποτέ πλέω
we	πλέομέν ποτε	is the same as	ποτέ πλέομεν
you (sg)	πλεῖ ποτε	is the same as	ποτέ πλεῖ
you (pl)	πλεῖτέ ποτε	is the same as	ποτέ πλεῖτε

 
So: pronounced ποτÉ

• when alone
• at beginning of phrase/sentence
• after an acute penult

 

So what about τίς; τί;  and τις,  τι 
So what about τίνες; and τινες, τινές (plural) who? what?, which? - some, certain (m. and f.)
So what about τίνα; and τινα, τινά (plural) what?, which? - some, certain (n.)

Question words are always stressed in speech, and therefore carry an accent in writing.
Indefinites are only stressed (see above) if they have more than 1 syllable and

• stand all alone
• stand at the beginning of a phrase/sentence
• follow an acute penult like πόλις , φίλους , δένδρα...

τίνες ἔρχονται;  τινές. 
Who are coming? - Certain people (but I don't rightly know who or don't want to say)
εἰς τίνα νῆσον; εἰς νῆσόν τινα μικράν
to which island? - to some small, as yet unspecified or unknown island
εἰς νήσους τινὲς μικράς 
τίνα ζῷα; ζῷά τινα δεινά What animals did you see? Some terrifying ones.
 

δεῖπνον ποιοῦσιν ἐν τῷ αἰγιαλῷ 

you could have said  ποιοῦνται because they prepared that meal for themselves - middle form - on the beach
Use ὁ αἰγιαλός. Think of going to the beach, walking on it, sunbathing on it, loving it, taking someone to it leading the way...
ἡγοῦμαί τινι εἰς τὸν αἰγιαλόν
 

ἔστι δὲ ἐγγὺς ἄλλη νῆσος

near, in the vicinity of ἐγγὺς + genitive forms
So what is near? your wife/husband, dog, a town, village, the sun, moon etc
Look at things near at hand and say they're
      ἐγγύς the opposite being
      μακράν far, faraway

φθογγὴν ἀκούουσιν οἰῶν τε καὶ αἰγῶν 

Instead of ἡ φθογγή we can also say ὁ φθόγγος (2nd edition).
This word gave us our 'di-phthongs' (2-sounds) αι, οι, ευ etc.
So now we have the series:
 ἡ φθογγή, ὁ ψόφος , ὁ θόρυβος (sound - noise - uproar).
try them out for dogs, noisy neighbours, cars, airplanes, motorboats on a otherwise quiet beach (ἐν αἰγιαλῶ τινι ἡσύχῳ or ἐν ἡσύχῳ τινί αἰγιαλῶ)

φθογγὴ οἰῶν τε καὶ αἰγῶν 
sound of sheep and goats

ὁ or ἡ  οἶς 
ὁ or ἡ  αἴξ 
   according to the sex of the animal.
If you milk them, they're obviously female.
If they ram you, there's a good chance they're male. If in doubt, make them male.
The same goes for dogs, cats, camels... and even children (small ones that we either can't see or can't tell )
    ὁ or ἡ  κύων 
    ὁ or ἡ  αἴλουρος 
    ὁ or ἡ  παῖς 
Forget about the camels, lions, dragons etc for the moment.
What about the other forms sheep and goats take? Right, goats here and sheep here.
And the forms that children take? Look at your book, page 71 (99 second edition).