Lesson 7b: Lesson Vocabulary

ἀποκρίνομαι I answer

κρίνω I distinguish, decide, judge
ὁ κριτής the judge gives us: a critic, person who decides what's good, bad or indifferent
ἀπό from
So: I decide for myself, from what I hear, think... and then answer
You should never answer without thinking first and deciding how to answer
ἀποκρίνομαι I found as difficult to remember as
ἀφικνοῦμαι I arrive
So practice saying it aloud till it starts to feel familiar. Then vary the forms:
οὐκ ἐθέλω ἀποκρίνεσθαι, ἀγνοῶ γὰρ τὴν ἀπόκρισιν
ἡ ἀπόκρισις , τῆς ἀποκρίσεως the answer
I don't want to [try and] answer for I ignore the answer.
πῶς ἀποκρίνεται ὁ φιλόσοφος; σοφῶς ἀποκρίνεται
καὶ σὺ, πῶς ἀποκρίνῃ;
ἀποκρίνομαι σοφῶς καὶ ἐγώ. (wisely, cleverly, skillfully)
Difficult question. Teacher to child:
ἀποκρίνου, ὦ παῖ.
ἀλλὰ ὁ παῖς οὐκ ἀποκρίνεται, ἀγνοεῖ γὰρ τὴν ἀπόκρισιν.
Teacher to the other children:
ἀποκρίνεσθε ὑμείς, ὦ παῖδες.
ἀλλὰ καὶ αὐτοὶ ἀγνοοῦσι τὴν ἀπόκρισιν.
οὐκ οὖν ἀποκρίνονται.

βάλλω I pelt, I throw

we had in lesson 5, Philip pelting the wolf.
ballistics is the science of projectiles, firearms
and we throw a ball

μέλλω lesson 5 supplementary reading

The wolf is on the point of, is about to attack:
ὁ λύκος μέλλει τοῖς μῆλοις ἐμπίπτειν.
τί μέλλεις ποιεῖν; μέλλω περαίνειν I'm about to finish the vocabulary of this lesson

ὁρμάω we first had in lesson five

ὀ Ἄργος ὁρμᾶ ἐπὶ τὸν λύκον.
Philip's dog rushes against the wolf. (Remember hormones)

[ὁρμάομαι] ὁρμῶμαι I set out, I start; I rush

ὁ Μινώταυρος ὁρμᾶται ἐπὶ τὸν Θησέα rushes at him
οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι ὁρμῶνται εἰς τὴν Ἀττικήν set out for Attica

παύω I stop, pause
παύομαι I stop myself, stop doing

παύομαι ἀποκρινόμενος I stop answering (silly questions e.g.)
οὐ παύεται ἑπόμενός μοι
he/she doesn't stop, give up following me around
These funny forms called participles (-ing forms) will be duly dealt with in lesson 8.
Notice that the 1st person singular form
-omai gives us the -όμενος -ing participle form.

ὁ ξένος gave us xenophobia, fear of foreigners leading to dislike, from

ce/noj and fobou~mai foreign and I fear

ὁ οἶνος

Do you drink red οἶνον? or white οἶνον λευκόν?

ὁ ὀφθαλμός ophthalmology

τῷ Κύκλωπι εἷς ὀφθαλμός ἐστιν. he's got one eye, only one
Don't confuse εἷς one with
Don't confuse εἰς into
εἰς ὀφθαλμὸν into an eye flies a fly
εἷς ὀφθαλμὸς δακρύει one eye cries

τὸ πῦρ, τοῦ πυρός pyromania, pyrotecnics, a pyre

When I'm cold πῦρ ἅπτω I light a fire

ὁ χειμών, τοῦ χειμῶνος storm or winter
lots of storms make even summer feel like winter.

Do you like:
τοὺς χειμῶνας; storms?
τὸν χειμῶνα; winter?
In lesson a we had: they undergo storms
χειμῶνας ὑπέχουσιν
And we are now (end of November) about to suffer yet another winter
τὸν χειμῶνα ὑπέχειν μέλλομεν

δύο two, gave us a duel, a singing duo (Latin 2 is also duo, duae)

εἷς, μία, ἕν 1, one

εἷς ἀνδρεῖος ἄνθρωπος
εἷς ῥᾴθυμος (= ἀργὸς) δοῦλος
μία καλὴ κόρη
μία μεγίστη ὑδρία a very big water jar
ἕν δεινὸν θηρίον
ἕν καὶ ἕν, δύο

πᾶς, πᾶσα, πᾶν every, each
πάντες, πᾶσαι, πάντα all

πᾶς ἄνθρωπος every man
πᾶσα γυνή
πᾶν δένδρον
πάντες οἱ παῖδες all children or, all the children
πᾶσαι αἱ πόλεις all the cities
πάντα τὰ πυρά all the fires
πάντας τοὺς ἀγῶνας ὁρῶσιν they see all the contests, not just one
ἡ lovesick κόρη δακρύει πάσας τὰς νύκτας πᾶσαν τὴν νύκτα. (every night the whole night)
He's fed up with all of those trees obstructing his view, or shedding their leaves all over his lawn, so...
πάντα τὰ δένδρα κόπτει καὶ μέγιστον πῦρ καίει
it would be very big, what with all that wood from all those cut down trees

σώφρων, σώφρων, σῶφρον wise and well behaved because it is wise, prudent to be well-behaved

ὁ παῖς σώφρων ἐστίν. καὶ ἡ παῖς σώφρων ἐστίν.
φιλοῦμεν τοὺς σώφρονας παῖδας
καὶ ἡ τῶν σωφρόνων παιδῶν μήτηρ σώφρων ἐστίν
We haven't had one single neuter noun that could be used in conjunction with: well-behaved
So let's introduce one: τὸ παιδίον
ὁ παῖς, εἷς σώφρων παῖς is one well behaved little boy
ἡ παῖς, μία σώφρων παῖς is one well behaved little girl, and
τὸ παιδίον, ἕν σῶφρον παιδίον
is one well behaved little child full stop.
And a σῶφρον θηρίον on the other hand, would be a very wise beast indeed.

ἐνθάδε here, to this place
Like: οἴκαδε homewards bound

ἐνθάδε ἐρχόμεθα to find out about ancient Greek curiosities
We've had: ἐλθὲ δεῦρο, ὦ Ξανθία Come here, Xanthias.
So now we have two possibilities to call him to us.

πόθεν from where?

πόθεν ἔρχῃ; - ἔρχομαι ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγορᾶς
πόθεν ἥκει ὁ ἄγγελος; Where does the messenger in lesson 4a come from?
ἥκει ἀπὸ τοῦ ἄστεως, ἀπὸ τῶν Ἀθηνῶν

πῶς; how?

πῶς μάχεται ὁ Ὀδυσσεύς; - ἀνδρείως
πῶς βαδίζει ὁ Ξανθίας; - βραδέως
πῶς βρυχᾶται ὁ Μινώταυρος; - δεινῶς

ὁ Κύκλωψ, τοῦ Κύκλωπος Cyclops nickname RoundEye

Remember: nouns are always given with their genitive singular form to indicate the declension the belong to. Once this form is known, the other forms are easy to deduce:
ὁ Ὀδυσσεὺς ὁρᾶ τὸν Κύκλωπα
Odussπροσχωρεῖ τῷ Κύκλωπι
ὁ Ὀδυσσεὺς λέγει· ὦ Κύκλωψ, φησί , ....
But this Κύκλωψ has a name, Πολύφημος, which means there are more Κύκλωπες around. So this is ἡ τῶν Κυκλώπων νῆσος.
τοῖς Κύκλωψι πολλά ἐστι μῆλα, οἶς τε καὶ αἶγές εἰσιν αὐτοῖς.
ὁρῶμεν τοὺς Κύκλωπας καὶ φεύγομεν.
Why Κύκλωψι and not Κύκλωπσι ? Just pronounce it and you'll see. Why write 2 letters when one will do?