ΠΡΟΣ ΤΟ ΑΣΤΥ  α

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Introduction
Plot, Picture
 
Audio
Recordings
 
Text
paragraph 1
paragraph 2
paragraphs 3, 4
 
Grammar
Present Participle
 
    
Don't look first for the subject (or the predicate)
Do     look for the meaning.

You arrive at meaning not through construction and analysis of separate sentences, but

  • through context
  • through intelligent reading or listening
    • to the whole train of thought
    • to the development of the plot,
    • from beginning to end
    • NOT from subject to verb to direct object and so on.

Concentrate on context (actual meaning, sequence of events....), rather than on theoretical analysis: taking sentences apart and then trying to piece them together again is hard work and ineffective to boot. Greek texts are NOT jigsaw puzzles.

You'll really notice the difference later on, in long sentences: by the time you've finished analyzing the first sentence of a speech, the speaker has concluded and the audience gone home.

The Greeks, and the Romans, loved rhethoric, loved using language in sometimes - to our modern minds - very convoluted and abstruse ways. Their audiences stood and listened, taking it all in, from first word to last. They didn't say: Hey, wait a moment, Mr. Demosthenes (or Mr. Cicero), verb first, please. So why do we?

Let's face it, they were no more intelligent than we are. So: what they could do, we certainly can do too! With a little practice, of course.