2nd Paragraph

Translation

But the road is long and difficult. And soon Murrine gets tired and wants to sit down; and the mule too is getting tired and doesn't want to go on. So they sit down by the roadside and have a rest. But after a while Dikaiopolis says: It's time to travel, cheer up, wife; for the road is long and difficult at first, but when you arrive at the top, as the poet says, it gets easy indeed afterwards.

Words and Expressions

καθίζω 

We've seen, lesson 1b, Dikaiopolis very tired because of hard work and blazing sun
   καθίζει ὑπὸ τῷ δένδρῳ και ἡσυχάζει 

he sits there We also saw, page 73, exercise 7c
   ὁ πατὴρ τὴν θυγατέρα μεθ' ἑαυτοῦ καθίζει  makes her sit (down) - to tell her a story maybe.

καθίζομαι I sit down

dinner-time: καθίζομαι καὶ δειπνῶ 
dinner-time: καθιζόμεθα καὶ δειπνοῦμεν 
When we are tired τὸ καθίζεσθαι is pleasant
When we are tired τὸ καθεύδειν is better still.
ἡ μήτηρ καθίζει τὸν παῖδα καὶ μῦθον καλὸν λέγει αὐτῷ·
    ὁ δὲ παῖς καθίζεται καὶ ἀκούει τῆς μητρός.
    ὁ δὲ παῖς καθίζεται καὶ ἀκούει τὸν τῆς μητρὸς μῦθον.

ἀναπαύομαι I rest, have a rest

χαλεπός ἐστιν ὁ πόνος. ἐθέλω ἀναπαύεσθαι
ἀναπαύομαι, εἰ δὲ μὴ ἀποθνῄσκω I'm having a rest, otherwise I die
καὶ ὁ ἡμίονος ἀναπαύεσθαι ἐθέλει
ἆρ' ὁρᾷς αὐτοὺς  ἀναπαυομένους;

θάρρει cheer up!

We had, lesson 5, Philip's dog not obeying his call and not coming back, so Philip despairs ἀθυμεῖ 
To cheer him up we can say:
either μὴ ἀθύμει don't despair, don't loose heart
eithor θάρρει 
And if he listens to us he θαρρεῖ 
Revise simple and contract forms of imperative. It will open in a new window that you can close when you've finished with it.

ὥσπερ λέγει ὁ ποιητής as the poet or writer says

καλὸς ὥσπερ Ἀπόλλων 
ἄοκνος ὥσπερ μέλιττα as hardworking as a bee
ἐὰν ποιήτε ὥσπερ λέγω ῥάδιον ἔσται 
      if you do as I say it will be easy.

Why ποιῆτε (subjunctive) and not ποιεῖτε (indicative)?
For subjunctive forms, click here.
Because ποιεῖτε would indicate fact: either because you do it regularly, or because you are actually doing it right now.
ποιῆτε does not state actual fact, but condition: if you do it, then ....
Indicative mode can only be used for actual fact: something is (or is not), someone does (or doesn't) do something.

• We a re tired (fact). That's why we stop working and have a rest:
  κάμνομεν. παυόμεθα οὖν ἐργαζόμενοι καὶ ἡσυχάσομεν ὀλίγον τινὰ χρόνον.
• When we feel tired, we have a rest.
  ὅταν κάμνωμεν, ἡσυχάσομεν or ἀναπαυόμεθα.
  As the sentence doesn't state that we are actually tired, we have to use the subjunctive κάμνωμεν.
  So why do we not use subjunctive for "we have a rest"? - Because that is stated as fact in a "whenever we are tired" situation. There is no if about it, in that case we do have a rest.

 

Some more examples to illustrate FACT

Fact: It is raining and I am sitting indoors.
ὕει. οἴκοι καθίζω βιβλίον ἀναγιγνώσκων.
Not considered fact by the Greeks: Whenever it rains, I sit indoors.
As this does not state that it often rains or is raining right now, the Greeks did not use indicative for indicating fact, but subjunctive.
ὅταν ὕῃ οὐκ ἐξέρχομαι ἀλλὰ οἴκοι μένω.
 
Question about fact: Are you free tomorrow? Good, then we'll go to theatre.
[ἔστιν] σχολή σοι αὔριον; εὖγε, ἶμεν οὖν εἰς τὸ θέατρον.
Condition "if": If you are free tomorrow we'll go to the theatre.
Because "if" states a condition we cannot use the indicative in Greek. We'll have to say:
ἐὰν σχολή σοι ᾖ αὔριον, ἶμεν εἰς τὸ θέατρον.
Whenever you see an ἐάν you know that a verb in the subjunctive mode will follow, indicating not fact, but condition "if". Try and remember that!