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Once you've got a Unicode font installed on your computer you can read other people's Greek. If you want to use it yourself this is where you find out how to type the lot on your computer. The letters themselves are easy. All in the usual places, plus the following special, typically Greek letters:
The funny letter produced when pressing the J key is final sigma.
As for diacritics, what you've got to know is: First the vowel (or the ῥῶ), then the diacritic mark, according to the following table, but the order in which you type the diacritics in combination is irrelevant.
| single diacritics |
| ἁ |
rough breathing |
( |
| ἀ |
smooth breathing |
) |
| ά |
acute |
/ |
ὰ |
grave |
\ |
| ᾶ |
circumflex |
= |
| ϋ |
diaeresis |
+ |
| ᾱ |
macron |
< |
|
no |
| combined diacritics |
| ἅ |
rough& acute |
(/ |
| ἄ |
smooth & acute |
)/ |
| ἇ |
rough & circumflex |
(= |
| ἆ |
smooth & circumflex |
)= |
| ΰ |
diaeresis acute |
+/ |
|
no |
| subscript iota |
| ᾳ |
subscript iota |
| |
| ᾀ |
subscript iota |
|) |
| ᾆ |
subscript iota |
)=| |
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