3rd Declension Adjectives
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Like for 3rd declension nouns, the genitive singular gives us the radical (stem, from Latin: radix meaning root, radishes are root vegetables). From this root all other forms are derived. In principle.σώφρων, σώφρονος wise, prudent, well behaved man or woman
Stem: σώφρον
!!! Don't get -ων, -ονος confused with -ών, -ῶνος !!
τῷ σώφρονι Θησεῖ πείθονται ἐν τῷ χειμῶνι.
They obey prudent Theseus in the storm
τῶν σωφρόνων φιλοσόφων ἀκούομεν we listen to wise philosophers.
Dative plural, like for nouns, always σι , and, since the Greek didn't like tongue-twisting nsi sounds:
τοῖς σώφροσι δεσπόταις πείθονται ἐν τοῖς χειμῶσι.
They obey their prudent masters in storms.
τοῖς σόφροσι παισὶ δῶρα παρέχομεν.
we give presents to well-behaved children.
| τό δῶρον, τοῦ δώρου a present. | |
|
δῶρα - word used in names: Dora means lots of presents Theodora means presents from God Pandora's box was a box full of nasty presents from all the gods to mankind to punish us for our sins (all being πάντες in Greek). |
σώφρων, σῶφρον: of sound mind, prudent, self-controlled
| singular | plural | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine feminine |
neuter | masculine feminine |
neuter | |||||||||||||||||||
| nom | σώφρων | σῶφρον | nom | σώφρον | ες | σώφρον | α | |||||||||||||||
| gen | σώφρον | ος | gen | σωφρόν | ων | |||||||||||||||||
| dat | σώφρον | ι | dat | σώφρο | σι | |||||||||||||||||
| acc | σώφρον | α | σῶφρον | acc | σώφρον | ας | σώφρον | α | ||||||||||||||
| voc | σῶφρον | voc | σώφρον | ες | σώφρον | α | ||||||||||||||||
Note:
Some more adjectives like σώφρων, σῶφρον
ἄφρων,ἄφρον: thoughtless, foolish, senseless
εὐδαίμων,εὐδαῖμον: happy, rich, blessed by the gods
κακοδαίμων, κακοδαῖμον: unlucky, dogged by an evil daimon (spirit, god)