| Aorist Subjunctive | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| so that ... may become |
who? | so that ... may not | ||||
| ἵνα | γέν | ωμαι | I | ἵνα μὴ | ἀπ όλ | ωμαι |
| γέν | ῃ | you (sg) | ἀπ όλ | ῃ | ||
| γέν | ηται | he, she, it | ἀπ όλ | ηται | ||
| γεν | ώμεθα | we | ἀπ ολ | ώμεθα | ||
| γέν | ησθε | you (pl) | ἀπ όλ | ησθε | ||
| γέν | ωνται | they | ἀπ όλ | ωνται | ||
The 2nd person singular ending should of course be -ησαι but the -σ- having disappeared, we are left with ηαι which quite normally contracts to ῃ. Why a subscript iota instead of a normal one? Because, when a sigma combines with another vowel it forms a diphthong. A long vowel diphthong is written with a subscript (or adscript in the case of uppercase letters) because the long vowel sort of squeezes the sound out of the sigma and then sits on it, crushing it!
2nd person: "so that you may not perish" becomes ἵνα μὴ ἀπόλῃ just like
2nd person: "so that you may become" is ἵνα γένῃ
| Aorist Optative | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| may ... become |
Who? | may ... not perish | ||||
| εἶθε | γεν | οίμην | I | εἶθε μὴ | ἀπ ολ | οίμην |
| γέν | οιο | you (sg) | ἀπ όλ | οιο | ||
| γέν | οιτο | he, she, it | ἀπ όλ | οιτο | ||
| γεν | οίμεθα | we | ἀπ ολ | οίμεθα | ||
| γέν | οισθε | you (pl) | ἀπ όλ | οισθε | ||
| γέν | οιντο | they | ἀπ όλ | οιντο | ||
The 2nd person singular ending should of course be -οισο but the -σ- having disappeared, we are left with οι-ο which can't contract because ι before any vowel keeps its pure vowel sound, or, like here, its clear diphthong sound.
2nd person: "If only you may not die" becomes εἶθε μὴ ἀπολοιο just like2nd person: "May you become ...." is εἶθε γένοιο.