Lesson 6b: Third paragraph

Translation paragraph 3

And Theseus is not afraid but fights bravely: for with his left hand he takes hold of the beast's head, and with his right he strikes its chest. And the Minotaur shrieks frightfully and falls down onto the ground. And when his companions see the beast lying on the ground, they rejoice and say: "Oh Theseus, how brave you are; how we admire and respect you. But now get us safely out of the labyrinth and lead us to the gates. For long is the road and much is the darkness; and we do not know the way."

Words for paragraph 3

ἀνδρείως μάχεται

See the title of lesson 14: The Battle in the Thermopylae. This ἡ μάχη the battle gave us μάχομαι to fight
everybody μάχεται against everybody else
They're constantly at it:
μάχονται ἐν τῇ Ἀφρίκῃ 
μάχονται ἐν τῇ Ἀσίᾳ
μάχονται καὶ ἐν τῇ Εὐρώπῃ
αἰεὶ μαχόμεθα for our rights, or at least we should (but not with guns!)
 

λαμβάνεται τῆς κεφαλῆς

λαμβάνω τὴν κεφαλήν 
at the butcher's for instance: I take, pick up a pig's head. Normal: I take whom or what?
λαμβάνομαι τῆς κεφαλῆς
I grab hold of it (genitive): it may still be attached to the rest of the pig, or the butcher, fearing I might make off with it without paying, holds on to it
 

τῇ δὲ δεξιᾷ τὸ στῆθος τύπτει

with his right holding the ξίφος he strikes his chest (the Minotaur's, not his own)
So now we have several funny neuter -ος words: the hill or mountain, the year, the sword and the chest. If you're still a little vague about those forms, check here. Try to think of situations when you'd use each form:
the width of  τοῦ στήθους
he's got a pain ἐν τῷ στήθει
Athletes have wider στήθη than I do
To kill vampires we must push stakes διὰ τῶν στηθῶν αὐτῶν
Remember that the Greek say: through or across of what (genitive case form):
διὰ τίνος ; 
διὰ τοῦ ἀγροῦ
διὰ τῆς ὁδοῦ
They lay there with wounds ἐν τοῖς στήθεσιν
It's pretty useless just learning the forms off by heart, you've got to use them till they sound familiar. Then you won't forget them again. And always look for similarities or contrast between different forms. If you know that
   ἐν τοῖς ὄρεσι is the form for: where? position: in the hills, then
spots of rust ἐν τοῖς ξίφεσι of ancient warriors
little hearts tattoed ἐν τοῖς στήθεσι of big, strong boxers
all sorts of aches and pains ἐν τοῖς ἔτεσι of our old age
should not pose any serious problems. The forms, I mean, not the old age.
You won't remember all of them straight away, it takes a bit of practice obviously. But instead of spending time on doing grammar exercises set by somebody else, have your own practice thinking of meaningful applications for these forms.
Some more στῆθος ?
νῦν πολλοὶ ἄνθρωποι, ἄνδρες τε καὶ γυναῖκες, νεανίαι τε καὶ πολλαὶ κόραι go to fitness clubs to develop μεγάλα στήθη
ὁ μικρὸς παῖς τύπτει τὸ στῆθος καὶ "μάλα ἄνδρειός εἰμι", φησίν,
"οἱ ἄλλοι φοβοῦνταί με καὶ θαυμάζουσιν."
ὁ Μινώταυρος λαμβάνεται τοῦ στήθους καὶ ''ὦ Ζεῦ, φησίν, φεῦ τῆς καρδίας μου''
my poor heart (cardiogram, cardiac)

τὸ θηρίον δεινῶς κλάζει

δεινῶς δή, δεινὸν γάρ ἐστιν remember δή obviously
witches κλάζουσιν
a pig κλάζει ἐπεὶ δὲ λαμβάνει (attention: when YOU grab hold of, NOT "when he takes") τῆς κεφαλῆς, τῶν ears or τῶν ποδῶν 
well, rather of τοῦ ἀριστεροῦ ποδὸς αὐτοῦ left back one for luck
λαμβάνεσθαι τῶν 4 ποδῶν would be a bit difficult, unless it were a very small pig, ἀλλὰ καὶ μάλα μικροὶ pigs κλάζουσιν, οὐ δεινῶς ἀλλὰ πολὺ καὶ μέγα
μὴ κλάζε says the syringe-wielding doctor to the small boy when μὴ φόβου (don't be afraid) hasn't been very successful.
Other good advice the good doctor could give:
ἥσυχος ἴσθι, ἥσυχος μένε keep still
σίγα shut up!!! If the little darling κλάζει δεινῶς
 

ἐπὶ τῇ γῇ κείμενος

In lesson 5 b: χαίρουσιν, ὁρῶσι γὰρ τὸν λύκον ἐπὶ τῇ γῇ κείμενον 
I can't read κείμενος, I've got to καθίζειν
Some people can even γράφειν κείμενοι.
graphics, graphology, telegraph, epi-graph = written on
The only thing I can do properly κείμενος is καθεύδειν
 

ὦ Θησεῦ, φασίν

φησίν, he, she says
φασίν, they say
And φημί, I say, reminds us of εἰμί  I am
 

ὡς τιμῶμέν σε

how we honour/ respect you
τιμῶσι τὸν Θησέα. διὰ τί ; 
ἰσχυρός ἐστι καὶ ἀνδρεῖος 
οὔτε φοβεῖται οὔτε ἀναστρέφει.
δεινός ἐστιν. (here: awesome, terrific δή, not terrifying!)
τίνα τιμᾷς;
ἆρα τιμᾷτε τοὺς ἑλληνικοὺς θεούς ;
τὸν Δία; nice accusative form for Ζεύς πατήρ
τὸν Διόνυσον; because of his gift: the wine
τὴν Δήμητρα;  lesson two b:
 ἵλαος (ἵλεως) ἴσθι , ὦ Δήμητερ ....
ἆρα τιμῶμεν τοὺς ἀθλήτας ;
οἱ  Ἕλληνες τιμῶσι τοὺς ἀθλέτας ὡς θεούς 
well, they did rather, but we don't know the past tense yet
 
2 meanings for ὡς: 1. as, just as, like [like gods]
2 meanings for ὡς: 2. how! [how I admire you!]
And the question word How? in Greek is πῶς; (with a circumflex!)
ὡς θαυμάζω σε how I admire you
ὡς ἐρῶ σου how I love you
ἐρῶ σου ὡς ἡ Ἀριάδνη τοῦ Θησέως.  
see part a of this lesson.
ὡς φιλοῦμεν our freedom, peace and quiet....
ὡς δεινῶς μάχονται ἐν πολλοῖς parts τοῦ κόσμου
 

ἀλλὰ νῦν γε σῷζε ἡμᾶς

but as for now, right now, NOW save us:
another little word to intensify meaning
We have it in the Latin "euge!" well done! borrowed straight from Greek
εὖ γε 
εὖ γε exclaims wow, how well you have done that! As far as well done is concerned, you have really done well.
δή underlines the fact that something is obvious or true
νῦν δὴ ἐξέρχεσθαι βούλονται 
Obviously they do not want to stay there any longer
The stress is on  ἐξέρχεσθαι βούλονται 
νῦν γε ὁ Θησεὺς must lead them to the gates. Right now, as for now, that is the thing to be done. The emphasis is on  νῦν 
These little words must be met often, in a variety of contexts, before we become really familiar with them. They can't be learnt from word-lists.
 

τὴν δὲ ὁδὸν ἀγνοοῦμεν

an agnostic is not an atheist who doesn't believe in God, or gods. An agnostic believes that nothing can be known about God or other superior beings
ἀγνοῶ [ἀγνοέω] I don't know, don't recognize, don't understand
In school οἱ παῖδες πολλάκις γε λέγουσιν, ''ἀγνοῶ'' when the teacher asks questions, especially about dates in history. Not obviously often, but often indeed, very often indeed. So  γε
If you know the rules but ἀγνοεῖτε ὡς to use them, then καιρός ἐστι to rectify that by looking for examples.
ἡ μήτηρ οὐ βούλεται that ὁ μικρὸς υἱὸς goes shopping.
διὰ τί οὐ βούλεται; ἔτι γὰρ ἀγνοεῖ ὁ παῖς τοὺς ἀριθμούς.
ἡ οὖν μήτηρ φοβεῖται that he will come οἴκαδε μετὰ the wrong change.