1st Paragraph

Translation

So the next day as soon as it gets light, Murrine wakes up and wakes her husband and says: Get up, husband, for it is not possible to be still asleep; for it is time to journey to the city. And so her husband gets up; and first he calls Xanthias and orders him not to be lazy and not to stop working.
In the meantime Murrine brings the food [provisions to take along on the journey] and wakes up grandfather and the children. Then Dikaiopolis comes into the courtyard and leads the others to the altar: making a libation he implores Zeus to keep them all safe while journeying to the city [to keep safe all journeying to the city]. Finally he brings out the mule and grandfather gets up onto it. And so this is how they travel to the city.

Words and Expressions

ἐγείρω I wake someone up

in lesson 4 ἡ Μυρρίνη ἐγείρει τὸν ἄνδρα 
ὁ δὲ οὐκ ἐθέλει ἐπαίρειν ἑαυτόν 
See her shaking him, trying to wake him, see him moan and groan not wanting to get up. Always contrast known and new, similar and opposites, cognates....

ἐγείρομαι I wake up, I wake myself up

in lesson 4a
ὁ Δικαιόπολις ἐγείρεται ἀλλὰ οὐκ ἐθέλει ἐπαίρειν ἑαυτὸν 
Why not? ἔτι γὰρ κάμνει (he's still tired, poor man)
Use the words! Different people waking others or waking up themselves: Imagine it!
ἐγειρόμεθα πρωί we wake up early
ἆρ' ἐγείρῃ αἰεὶ ἐν καιρῷ; you personally, always on time?
διὰ τί ἐγείρομαι αἰεὶ πρωί; 
    διότι ἡ ἐμὴ κύων με ἐγείρει. She wants her morning walk!
καὶ οἱ ἐμοὶ αἴλουροι ἐγείρονται μάλα πρωί 
   They, the cats that is, wake up very early as well, not wanting to miss out on our early morning walk.

ἔπαιρε σεαυτόν get [yourself] up!

See lesson 4a p.31 for revision of:
   τῇ δὲ ὑστεραίᾳ the following day
   ὁ ἥλιος ἀνατέλλει the sun rises
   ἡ γυνὴ καλεῖ τὸν ἄνδρα wife calls husband
   ἔπαιρε σεαυτόν, ὦ ἄνερ get up, hubby!
But Dikaiopolis, very tired, doesn't want to get up

οὐκ ἐθέλει ἐπαίρειν ἑαυτόν  Go over Reflexive Pronouns in your book on pages 72/73 (100/101):
I do it, I get up is
     ἐπαίρω ἐμαυτόν  because I am a man.
If I were a woman I'd say:
     ἐπαίρω ἐμαυτήν 
Do you?  ἆρ' ἐπαίρεις σεαυτόν; (if you're a man)
Do you?  ἆρ' ἐπαίρεις σεαυτήν; (if you're a woman)
We get up  ἐπαίρομεν ἡμᾶς αὐτούς (we're men, or men and women)
We get up  ἐπαίρομεν ἡμᾶς αὐτάς (if we're all women)
Do all of you get up early?  ἆρ' ἐπαίρετε ὑμᾶς αὐτούς πρωί; 
Do all of you get up early?  ἆρ' ἐπαίρετε ὑμᾶς αὐτάς πρωί; 
They all do it, get up early that is:  ἐπαίρουσιν ἑαυτούς πρωί
and so do all of the women:   ἐπαίρουσιν ἑαυτάς πρωί

μή, μηδέ instead of οὐ, οὐδέ 

οὐδέ  in straight statements or questions about fact
μηδέ  in orders, commands, whether direct: Don't go!
μηδέ  in orders, commands, wheor indirect: I ask you not to go
ὁ Παῦλος οὐδὲ ἰσχυρὸς οὐδὲ ἄοκνός ἐστιν. 
   fact: he is neither strong nor energetic
μὴ ῥᾴθυμος ἴσθι 
   not fact but command: don't be lazy
κελεύω σε μὴ ἀργὸν εἶναι 
   not fact but command: I ask or order you not to be lazy
κελεύω σε μὴ φοβεῖσθαι μηδὲ φεύγειν
   I ask you not to be afraid nor to run away
κελεύει τὸν δοῦλον 

• ἄοκνον εἶναι 
• μὴ ἀργὸν εἶναι 
• μὴ παύεσθαι not to stop
• μὴ παύεσθαι ἐργαζόμενον not to stop working

Since "working" goes with "slave", the same case-form (here accusative) applies to both. So if he asks his daughter to stop chatting
   κελεύει τὴν θυγατέρα παύεσθαι διαλεγομένην 
His actual words are: ὦ θύγατερ, παύου διαλεγομένη 

ἐν ... τούτῳ meanwhile

Old familiar from lesson 3b:
   ἐν δὲ τούτῳ προσχωρεῖ ὁ Φίλιππος 
For revision and more examples, click here

ἡ αὐλή, τῆς αὐλῆς the courtyard

τί βλέπομεν ἐν τῇ αὐλῇ; - βωμὸν βλέπομεν ἐκεῖ
What else can we see ἐν τῇ αὐλῇ; remember to use the accusative forms
   τὸν Δικαιόπολιν, τὴν Μέλιτταν, τὸν δοῦλον, τὴν γυναῖκα τὴν Μυρρίνην, etc

ὁ βωμός, τοῦ βωμοῦ the altar

πρὸς τὸν βωμὸν ἔρχεται καὶ εὔχεται τοῖς θεοῖς
ἐν τῷ βωμῷ σπονδὴν ποιεῖ τῷ θεῷ makes an offering to his god

ἡ σπονδή libation, drink offering, sacrifice

τί ποιεῖ ὁ Δικαιόπολις;  σπονδὴν ποιεῖται 
ποῦ σπονδὴν ποιεῖ ὁ Δικαιόπολις;
      ἐν τῷ βωμῷ ἐν τῇ αὐλῇ
τίς τὰς σπονδὰς ποιεῖ; αἰεὶ ὁ πατήρ ποιεῖ αὐτάς
In the picture ὁρῶμεν τὸν Δικαιόπολιν σπονδὴν ποιούμενον
Why can we use ποιεῖται, ποιούμενος, i.e. middle voice? Because he does it for himself and his family, for their own benefit.

εὔχομαι I pray

οἱ χριστιανοὶ εὔχονται 
But the Greeks didn't really pray: they implored, invoked, asked their gods for favours:
     It was more of a: if you, god XYZ, do this, then I shall .....
ὁ μὲν ἄνθρωπος εὔχεται, ὁ δὲ θεὸς παρέχει ἢ οὔ (or not) according to his whim
We saw, in lesson 2b, Dikaiopolis invoking Demeter, goddess of crops:
   ὦ Δήμητερ, ἵλαος ἴσθι, καὶ πλήθυνε τὸ σπέρμα 
Which means:
   ὁ μὲν Δικαιόπολις εὔχεται τῇ Δήμητρι 
   prays to Demeter, therefore we use the give-to dative form
but:
εὔχεται τὴν Δήμητρα πληθύνειν τὸ σπέρμα 
   implores (whom directly? so accusative form) Demeter to multiply the seed
And in the picture p.90 (122) we see him imploring Zeus to keep them all safe
   ὁρῶμεν τὸν Δικαιόπολιν εὐχόμενον τὸν Δία σῴζειν πάντας 

ὁ Ζεῦς, τοῦ Διός 

Ζεῦς πατήρ sounds a lot like Latin Juppiter. Obviously related.
Strange declension the father of the gods has:
ὁ Ζεῦς,  τοῦ Διός, τῷ Διί, τὸν Δία, ὦ Ζεῦ 
Remember very first lesson, page 3:
   ὦ Ζεῦ, χαλεπός ἐστιν ὁ βίος · ἀτέλεστος γάρ ἐστιν ὁ πόνος etc
The genitive form ὁ τοῦ Διὸς υἱός Zeus's son
      gives Spanish dios for god.
τῷ Διὶ εὔχονται οἱ Ἕλληνες or rather, they did.
ὦ Ζεῦ, φεῦ τοῦ ποδός says Dikaiopolis in lesson 3 when that heavy stone is dropped on his foot.
And what would you say if you slammed the car door shut on your hand (in Greek of course)? Click here for the word hand.
   ὦ Ζεῦ, φεῦ τῆς χειρός 
ὁ Δικαιόπολις εὔχεται τῷ Διί 
     just invokes him, implores him, prays to him (dative case form)
ὁ Δικαιόπολις εὔχεται τὸν Δία ἵλαος εἶναι 
     asks him (accusative case) to be propitious
We pray to God means we offer prayers to him (dative to God)
     εὐχόμεθα τῷ θεῷ 
We ask God to keep us safe means we ask him directly to do sth
     εὐχόμεθα τὸν θεὸν σῴζειν ἡμᾶς 

τέλος δέ in the end, finally

See lesson 1b:
τέλος δὲ καταδύνει ὁ ἥλιος. At last the sun goes down.
τὸ τέλος, τοῦ τέλους the end
     see the hill for the various forms these neuter nouns in ος take.
τὸ τέλος gave us ἀτέλεστος, ἀτέλεστον lesson 1a
   ἀτέλεστος γάρ ἐστιν ὁ πόνος 
   α meaning without or ~less
Curiosity: for these ~less adjectives (homeless, childless, endless...) there is no special feminine form, masculine and feminine forms are alike.
   ἡ ὁδός ἐστιν ἀτέλεστος 

ὁ ἡμίονος the mule

ο ὄνος is the donkey
so ἡμίονος is half donkey
Remember the Minotaur from lesson 6a who was:
   τὸ μὲν ἥμισυ ἄνθρωπος,  τὸ δὲ ἥμισυ ταῦρος
a hemisphere is half a globe or ball: ἡ σφαῖρα, τῆς σφαίρας 
Remember all the animals?

ὁ βοῦς	ὁ αἴλουρος	ὁ λύκος	ὁ κύων
ὁ μόσχος	ὁ ἵππος	ἡ οἶς	ἡ αἴξ
ὁ ταῦρος	ὁ λαγώς	ὁ ταώς

And now we add ὁ ὄνος 
And now we add ὁ ἡμίονος 

ἐπί (up onto) is followed by accusative case forms for direction or movement onto or against.

ἀναβαίνω ἐπὶ τὸν ἵππον. I get up onto it.
ὁ Ἄργος ὁρμᾶται ἐπὶ τὸν λύκον, rushes against it
ὁ Μινώταυρος ὁρμᾶται ἐπὶ τὸν Θησέα.