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πρῶτος οὖν πάρεστιν ὁ παῖς.

διὰ τί πρῶτος; - νέος (young) γάρ ἐστι καὶ ταχέως τρέχει.
καὶ (also) ὁ πάππος σπεύδει, ἀλλὰ βραδέως, οὐκέτι γὰρ νέος ἐστίν.
 

καὶ ἰδού, ὁ μὲν Ἄργος μένει πρὸς τῇ ὁδῷ καὶ ἀγρίως ὑλακτεῖ, καταβαίνει δὲ ἐκ τοῦ ὄρους λύκος μέγας.

ποῦ ἐστιν ὁ κύων; πρὸς τῇ ὁδῷ.
ποῦ ἐστιν ὁ κύων; πρὸς τῷ αὐλίῳ.
ποῦ οἰκεῖ ὁ λύκος; ἐν τοῖς ὄρεσιν.
(διὰ) τί ὑλακτεῖ ὁ κύων;
ὁ λύκος οὐκ ἐν τῷ ὄρει μένει
καταβαίνει δὲ ἐκ τοῦ ὄρους.
καταβαίνει πρὸς τὸ αὔλιον.
 

μένω

ποῦ μένει ὁ Ἄργος;
ποῦ μένει τὰ πρόβατα or τὰ μῆλα;
τί οὐ μένει ἐν τῷ ὄρει ὁ λύκος; (he's trying to get a breakfast for his appetite of course)
 

ὁ μὲν οὖν Φίλιππος ......

τί ποιεῖ ἐπεὶ δὲ ὁρᾷ τὸν λύκον;
μέγα βοᾷ
λίθους λαμβάνει
μέγαν λίθον λαμβάνει καὶ ἐκφέρει ἐκ τοῦ ἀγροῦ; - οὐ, οὐκ φέρει λίθους, ὁ μὲν Δικαιόπολις ἐκφέρει αὐτούς, φέρει δὲ πρὸς τὸ ἔρμα.
τί ποιεῖ ὁ Φίλιππος τοῖς λίθοις;
βάλλει τοὺς λίθους,
βάλλει τὸν λύκον,
βάλλει αὐτόν τοῖς λίθοις.
βάλλω I throw a ball, ballistics is the science of projectiles thrown, hurled, flung...
 

ὁ δὲ Ἄργος ὁρμᾷ ἐπὶ αὐτὸν καὶ .....

τί ποιεῖ ὁ Ἄργος; - ὁρμᾷ ἐπὶ τὸν λύκον
ὁρμᾷ ἐπ' αὐτόν (elision)
ἐμπίπτει τῷ λύκῳ
As in the case of the compound verb for approaching: προσχωρῶ, the compound "falling upon, attacking": ἐμπίπτω is followed by dative case forms
ὁ λύκος ἐν νῷ ἔχει ἐμπίπτειν τοῖς προβάτοις
ὁ κύων ἀγρίως ἐμπίπτει τῷ λύκῳ
πῶς (how) ἀγρίως; οὕτως ἀγρίως ὥστε ἀναστρέφει ὁ λύκος (turns back)
οὔτως ἀγρίως ὥστε ὁ λύκος ὁ μέγας τε καὶ ἰσχυρὸς ἀποφεύγει (runs away, flees, or it least tries to).
ὁ λύκος ἀνα-στρέφει: ἀνα in compounds, besides 'up' also means 'back' .
Xenophon's famous book 'Η ΑΝΑΒΑΣΙΣ' (ἡ ἀνάβασις) describes the Return, the Journey Back Home (of the Greek mercenaries after the death of Cyrus)
μέγαν ψόφον ἀκούω ὄπισθέν μου. τί ποιῶ; ἀναστρέφω ἤ (or) οὔ;
- ἀναστρέφω of course.
πολὺν θόρυβον ἀκούεις ὄπισθέν σου. τί ποιεῖς; ἀναστρέφεις ἢ οὔ;
κύων τις (some dog) ἀγρίως ὑλακτεῖ ὄπισθεν ὑμῶν; τί ποιεῖτε; ἀναστρέφετε ἢ ἀποφεύγετε; ἐγὼ μὲν ἀναστρέφω, λίθον λαμβάνω ἀλλὰ οὐ βάλλω αὐτόν. It is not necessary, dogs here are a pain, they are forever rushing out (ὁρμῶσιν) from everywhere barking furiously (ἀγρίως ὑλάκτουσιν), they seem very ἄγριοι but the moment λαμβάνεις λίθον, ἀναστρέφουσι καὶ ἀποφεύγουσιν. ἀνδρεῖοι οὔκ εἰσιν.
φεύγω: I flee, run away. ἀνὴρ ἀνδρεῖος οὐ φεύγει
ἀποφεύγω: I run away from wherever I happen to be, i.e. a little more urgently
 

What next? τί νῦν; (what now?)

διώκει μὲν οὖν ..... Why οὖν? διότι (because) ὁ λύκος ἀποφεύγει and the dog won't let him
Why μέν? Because it is ὁ μὲν Ἄργος..... ὁ δὲ Φίλιππος ...
διώκει μὲν οὖν ὁ κύων, ὁ δὲ Φίλιππος σπεύδει μετ' αὐτόν
Why μετ' αὐτόν?
1. μετά meaning 'after' requires accusative case forms, for forward movement
2. elision: apostrophe for fluency of speech
3. he's afraid for his dog and wants to help

first (adjective): πρῶτος, πρώτη, πρῶτον
I throw, hurl, fling; pelt: βάλλω
I rush: ὁρμῶ [ὁρμάω]
I fall upon, I attack ἐμπίπτω
I turn back: ἀναστρέφω
I flee, run away: φεύγω
I flee, run away, escape (from where I am): ἀποφεύγω
after him/it: μετ' αὐτόν
now: νῦν (similar meaning to: ἤδη)